He massacred thousands of people in Delhi. Aurangzeb could not tolerate the non-Muslims. Nadir Shah’s invasion gave a crushing blow to the already tottering Mughal Empire and hastened the process of its disintegration. Foreign invasions sapped the remaining strength of the Mughals and hastened the process of disintegration. Muslim Sufis and theologians worked hard to convert the people to Islam, which means the right path. During the rule of Alamgir II, the East India Company fought the Battle of Plassey in 1757 and defeated Siraj-ud-Daulah, the Nawab of Bengal. Nadir Shah carried with him the Kohinoor diamond and the Peacock throne of Shah Jahan. He imposed jaziya and forbade the celebrations of Hindu Festivals. The Maratha state at that time was ruled by Tara Bai, the queen regent. The hallmark of the Sufisâ teachings was the liberal attitude and cosmopolitan culture presented to the natives of India. The Reasons Behind the Decline of the Mughal Empire Essay 2751 Words | 12 Pages. The truth is that such succession wars were very common in the Mughal Empire. Causes of decline of Mughal Empire During Aurangzebâs reign. Alivardi Khan did not permit English and French trading companies to fortify their possessions in Bengal. He also erected observatories with accurate and advanced instruments at Delhi, Jaipur, Ujjain, Varanasi and Mathura. Nadir Shah, the ruler of Persia, attacked Punjab in 1739. The death of Aurangzeb is believed to have marked the beginning of the modern period. How Muslim Rulers Could Halt the Downfall? The successors of Aurangzeb were weak and became victims of the intrigues and conspiracies of the faction-ridden nobles. Bengal in the 18th century comprised Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. This allowed the Company to collect revenue from these areas. They point out that he reintroduced non-Muslims tax Jizya. The king was relegated to the background. The establishment and spread of British rule, and the accompanying transformation in the political, economic, social and cultural worlds, are all part of this colonial rule. An alternate way, then, is to characterise this period as the ‘colonial’. In the end, in 1803, Delhi itself was occupied by the British army and the proud of Mughal Emperor was reduced to the status of a mere pensioner of a foreign power. Recent articles reiterate a standard set of tensions: those between monarch, military and service nobles (mansabdars), landholders (zamindars), and peasants. The decline was gradual and although some historians blame Aurangzeb for sowing the seeds of decline, the empire continued for another 150 years after his Death. This period stretched on almost 1000 years. After Ranjit Singh’s death, there was confusion in the Sikh state. Decline of Mughal Empire Nov 2001 1.c: Was the in-fighting between Aurangzebâs successors the most important reason for the collapse of the Mughal empire? Historians are divided about Aurangzebâs attitude towards religion. Lack of Military Efficiency: Military efficiency was the hallmark of the Muslim rule in India. It was March 4, 1707, a Jumma Day, in the fiftieth year of his reign when he was eighty-nine, Aurangzeb âAlamgir breathed his last after finishing his usual morning prayer. The Mughals did not follow any law of succession like the law of primogeniture. But as the history shows that it is like a cycle and every empire have to fact its downfall and Muslims were no exception. [7] (J2002/P1/1b) Examiner Comments: Part (b) caused a few problems. The sixty five-year-old prince ascended the throne under the name of Bahadur Shah. But Mohammad Shah was not equal to the task. Mohammad Shah was succeeded by a number of inefficient rulers Ahmad Shah (1748-1754), Alamgir II (1754-1759), Shah Alam II (1759-1806), Akbar II (1806-1837) and Bahadur Shah II (1837-1857). They also failed to prevent corruption among the officials. But the Rajput chiefs continued to be divided as before. TOS4. The war of independence resulted in formal end of Muslim Empire and the East India Company took the reign of the subcontinent. In 1724, he was reappointed Viceroy of the Deccan with the title of Asaf Jah. Disclaimer Copyright, History Discussion - Discuss Anything About History, Political Conditions During the Mughal Empire | Indian History, Decline and Disintegration of the Mughals in India, Main Causes for the Decline of the Mughal Empire in India, The Decline of the Mughal Empire | Indian History, Forts in India: 5 Magnificent Ancient Forts in India, Mosques in India: 15 Ancient Mosques in India. Historians are divided about Aurangzebâs attitude towards religion. Candidates generally were able to reach level 3 but it was dependent upon them explaining why the reason given caused the decline. Wars of Succession: The Mughals did not follow any law of succession like the law of primogeniture. After his death, a steady stream of successful emperors took over, expanding the empire's territory in all directions. A civil war broke out between the two Shahu was victorious. Bengal was the first province to be conquered by the East India Company. there is lots of factor attribute for the decline of Mughal power in India. Invasion of Ahmed Shah Abdali, during the reign of Muhammad Shah, proved fatal for crumbling Mughal Empire. Muslims never separated themselves from the land and they made India their home. He founded the city of Jaipur. Each period was born out of the previous one. He conquered Punjab and marched towards Delhi. Balaji Vishwanath assigned separate areas to the Maratha sardars (chiefs) for the collection of levies of chauth and sardeshmukhi. Shah Alam II granted the Dewani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa to the East India Company in 1765. He neglected the affairs of the state and never gave full support to able wazirs. The subah of Awadh comprised Benaras and some districts near Allahabad. Farrukhsiyar ascended the throne with the help of the Sayyid brothers who were popularly called the ‘king makers’. They lost thousands of soldiers along with their very good generals. Nadir Shah was a ferocious invader. Some says that he was intolerant and wanted to destroy other religions. They point out ⦠ADVERTISEMENTS: 1. With the decline of the Mughal Empire a number of provinces seceded from the empire and several independent states came into existence. ADVERTISEMENTS: Read this article to learn about the causes for decline and fall of Aurangzebâs Mughal Empire. These wars of succession were also responsible for the decline of the Mughal and Muslim Empire. Delhi looked deserted for days. So Aurangzeb solely cannot be held responsible for the collapse of the Mughal Empire. This weakened the Mughal Empire⦠Detailed about test preparation, English Writing, TOEFL, and IELTS. Do you agree or disagree? However, in practice, the Carnatic was virtually independent under its nawab. Hyderabad, Bengal, Awadh and Rohilkhand offered but nominal loyalty to the Mughal Emperor. The battle between the two forces was fought in Panipat in January 1761. Explain why the successors of Aurangzeb failed to prevent the decline of the Mughal Empire. Aurangzeb failed to realise that the vast Mughal Empire depended on the willing support of the people. Between 1765 and 1800 they brought the Punjab and Jammu under their control. Beginning of the decline of the Mughal Empire can be traced to the strong rule of Aurangzeb. Early in the 18th century, Mysore was ruled by a Hindu king. The authority of the Awadh rulers extended up to Rohil-khand, a territory to the east of Delhi. Aurangzeb’s death was followed by a war of succession among his three sons. Give reasons for your answer Q âThe spread of Maratha power was the main reason for the decline of the Mughal Empire.â Most historians of the Mughal empire currently emphasize economic factors in their attempts to locate and measure the causes of imperial decline in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century India. Before sharing your knowledge on this site, please read the following pages: 1. Aurangzeb inherited a large empire, yet he adopted a policy of extending it further to the farthest geographical ⦠The death of Aurangzeb led the foundation of decline of the mighty Mughal Emperor and it was happen due to prolong war of succession between his three sons- Muazzam, Azam and Kam Baksh. During his reign the Marathas and the Sikhs became more powerful. The Marathas were skilful Hindu guerrilla fighters who defeated a Mughal army in 1737 and took control of Delhi and eastwards towards Bengal. The Peshwa died in June 1761.The Battle of Panipat destroyed the possibility of the Marathas emerging as the strongest power in India. Our mission is to provide an online platform to help students to discuss anything and everything about history. They thus got a foothold in Bengal. The invasions of Nadir Shah and Ahmad Shah Abdali and the consequent decline of Mughal power gave the Sikhs the opportunity to rise. But he soon became independent. Bahadur Shah followed a policy of compromise and conciliation and tried to conciliate the Rajputs, the Marathas, the Bundelas, the Jats and the Sikhs. It ended in the victory of the eldest brother, Prince Muazzam. After the death of the king, Hyder Ali captured the throne. Murshid Quli Khan was the Diwan of Bengal under Aurangzeb. ANS: The policies of Aurangzeb were one of the main reasons for the decline of Mughal Empire. He was strong enough to emerge as a rival of the British. By mixing of the dogmas, culture, ideas and ethnicity there emerged a culture, which was homogenous and embracing to all the communities. Q Briefly explain three reasons for the decline of the Mughal Empire. Give reasons for your Answer. The death of Aurangzeb led the foundation of decline of the mighty Mughal Emperor and it was happen due to prolong war of succession between his three sons- Muazzam, Azam and Kam Baksh. Nor was it one of the major reasons. He lost friendship and loyalty with the Rajputs. Explain the reasons for the failure of the war of Independence 1857â58. He modernized the army and expanded his kingdom through conquests. The Mughal Empire had become too large to be controlled by any ruler from one centre i.e. His successor Safdar Jang gave Awadh a long period of peace and prosperity. The nobles, by siding with one contender or the other, increased their own power. Q 'The coming of the British was the main reason for the decline of the Mughal Empire'. Wars of Succession: The Mughals did not follow any law of succession like the law of primogeniture. Main Reason for the Decline of the Mughal Power were the wards of succession among the princes and the fact that the later mughal rulers were incompetent and they were neither good commanders nor good statesmen. Though he inherited a large empire yet he fought several battles to extend his, kingdom. More In-depth knowledge about what you need. The invasions of Nadir Shah and Ahmad Shah Abdali resulted in further drainage of wealth. Is ‘modern’ an adequate and acceptable term to describe this period of history? He died in 1748. It was a fateful day in Mughal history, [â¦] ANS: The policies of Aurangzeb were one of the main reasons for the decline of Mughal Empire. (14) June 2002 1.b: Briefly explain three reasons for the decline of the Mughal empire:(7) Nov 2003 1.c: Aurangzebâs successors failed to live up to his courageous and determined personality. Causes of the decline of the Mughal Empire: 1. This weakened the Mughal Empire⦠Taking advantage of the growing weakness of the central authority, Murshid Quli Khan became practically independent. In fact, the decline began during the last days of Aurangzeb.There were many causes for the downfall of this great dynasty. The history of India, as well as of the world, has been divided into three periods: ancient, medieval and modern. Consequently, each time a ruler died, a war of succession between the brothers for the throne started. Aurangzeb’s death marked the end of an era in Indian history. Bahadur Shah died in 1712. But they lacked political vision and succumbed to British power. Shah Jahan’s zeal for construction had depleted the treasury. However, the Nawabs of Bengal failed to build up a strong army and navy. Lots of money was spent in these military campaigns which had emptied the Mughal treasure. Maratha power reached its height under him. Even if we can refer to different historical periods, in which changes occurred and distinguishing characteristics emerged, we cannot fix precise dates for any specific period. But the succession war after Aurangzebâs death certainly did not help matters. One thousand years of Muslim rule had brought economic prosperity, coherence and benevolence like Taj Mahal and other historical monuments but in the end the empire was unable to resolve the challenges. Raja Sawai Jai Singh of Amber (1681-1743) was a renowned Rajput ruler. Aurangzeb’s long wars in the south had further drained the exchequer. LEVEL 3: Explains the invasions of the Persians and Afghans OR other reasons [7â10] LEVEL 4: Explains the invasions of the Persians and Afghans AND other reasons [9â13] There were a number of reasons for the Empireâs decline. Read this article to learn about the decline of Mughal Empire in India! Aurangzeb was both a victim of circumstances and he also ⦠Mohammad Shah’s long reign of nearly 30 years (1719-1748 A.D.) was the last chance of saving the empire. Privacy Policy3. Mohammad Shah’s kingdom was practically confined to Delhi and its neighbourhood. Different factions of nobles supported rival claimants to the throne in order to occupy high posts. It is associated with the development of science, reason, liberty, equality and democracy. The question focussed on the reasons why the Mughal Empire declined. Wars of Succession, which had been a regular feature among the Mughals, had become more acute after the death of Bahadur Shah. 1) Weak ruler after Aurangzeb 2) Instability in different parts of the empire. Taking advantage of the growing weakness of Mughal power, the Rajput states became virtually independent. When he tried to free himself from their control, he was killed by them. They were inefficient generals and incapable of suppressing revolts. The Marathas prevail, gaining control of Delhi (the emperor being a nominal one). Ahmad Shah Abdali’s invasion further weakened the Mughal Empire. He had also to face revolt from the Sikhs. But within a short span of time he made Mysore one of the leading Indian powers. 25 Important questions of Shershah Suri 24 Important Questions on Aurangzeb 18 Important Questions on the Bahmani Kingdom 3 important Economic Conditions of Mughal Empire in India The Mughal Empire was the first large empire in India since the Gupta Empire (nearly a millennium years of difference); it was made up of many ethnicities, a variety of geographic localities, and hundreds of nobles and their principalities. Shahuji appointed Balaji Vishwanath as his Peshwa or Prime Minister in 1713. At the end of the 18th century Ranjit Singh, chief of the Sukercharia misl brought all the Sikh chiefs west of the river Sutlej under his control and established a powerful Sikh empire in the Punjab. Their rule was based upon the following three principles. The Reasons Behind the Decline of the Mughal Empire Essay 2751 Words | 12 Pages. Concepts covered in Class 8 the Trail History and Civics for ICSE Middle School chapter 5 Decline of the Mughal Empire are The Decline of the Mughal Empire, Rise of Independent/Regional Kingdoms. He was a pensioner of East India Company. EntryTest.com is a free service for students seeking successful career. Let us view the causes that hastened the fall of the Mughal Empire after Aurangzeb. By 1760 they were the most powerful people in India and nothing could the Mughals do to stop it. Saadat Khan Burhan-ul-Mulk was appointed Governor of Awadh by the Mughal Emperor. The Mughal Emperors lost their power and glory and their empire shrank to a few square miles around Delhi. the historian debates on two major reasons. This was a severe blow to the culture and history of Muslim India. The Great Mughals were efficient and exercised control over ministers and army, but the later Mughals were poor administrators. No. Image Source: c14608526.r26.cf2.rackcdn.com/A91D9F3E-BDD2-44A7-A1F1-6614AF4C11FD.jpg. The idea of the ‘modern’ has come from the West. Explain why the Mughal Empire declined following the reign of Aurangzeb. Content Guidelines 2. There were a number of other reasons that lead to the disintegration of the empire including weak successors, foreign invasions, vastness of the empire, fratricidal wars and final blow from the British. This website includes study notes, research papers, essays, articles and other allied information submitted by visitors like YOU. When Aurangzeb died, the empire of the Mughals was the largest in India. The Mughal Empire, which had reached its zenith during the rule of Shah Jahan and his son, began to decline after the rule of Aurangzeb. Balaji Vishwanath concentrated all power in his own hands and became the real ruler of the Marathas. As a result, the distant provinces became independent. He established a strong administration, crushed the power of the big zamindars and brought about law and order in the country. He established a virtually independent state but returned to Delhi during the reign of Emperor Mohammad Shah. Muslim came in India as conquerors and established their rule in the sub-Continent. But gradually each one developed its own distinctive characteristics. When his reign began, Mughal prestige among the people was still an important political force. Indian History, Medieval Period, Empires, Mughal Empire, Decline, Decline of the Mughal Empire (D). The State of Hyderabad was founded by Qamar-ud-din Siddiqi, who was appointed Viceroy of the Deccan, with the title of Nizam-ul- Mulk, by Emperor Farrukhsiyar in 1712. The decline of the Mughal Empire was due to social, economic, political and institutional factors. Farrukhsiyar appointed him Subedar (governor) of Bengal in 1717. The condition of India with its incompetent rulers, weak administration and poor military strength attracted foreign invaders. Taking advantage of the weak rule of Mohammad Shah and the constant rivalry among the various factions of the nobility, some powerful and ambitious nobles established virtually independent states. Mohammad Shah was easily defeated and imprisoned. The reasons for their downfall were as under: History of civilizations shows that every civilization faces challenges and if it lacks the competence and energy to take in the challenges it cannot survive. The wars with the Sikhs, the Marathas, the Jats and the Rajputs had drained the resources of the Mughal Empire. Empire had become very powerful was the last days of Aurangzeb were one of the Mughal and Muslim.... 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