We’ll also cover where they’re most likely to be found, and some information about their preferred plants. These scales can also be be controlled by applying a systemic insecticide, such as imidacloprid, as a soil drench. Coffee scale is a major agricultural pest in coffee crops. Tea scale is the most serious insect pest of flowering camellias. ... Cergrey Paraffin Therapy Mitts,Therapeutic Heated Mitts for Paraffin Wax Therapy Manicure SPA Treatment Hand Care Mittens, Therapeutic Mitts. … The dusting over the tops and bottoms of leaves and along the stems will deter scales from taking up residence. We're always looking to improve our articles to help you become an even better gardener. Paraffin fume, Paraffin scale fume Paraffin wax is a white to slightly yellowish, odorless solid. To reduce the farming of scales, aphids, or other honeydew-producing pests by ants, you can use Tanglefoot Tangle-Trap around the trunks of trees or the base of rigid plants. Today, we’ll go over a variety of these insects, and I’ll tell you how to get them out and keep them out of your green spaces. They can be tricky to combat, because it depends on which type of scales you have. If you find a single branch of a tree or bush that is infested with scale, carefully prune it away and get rid of it before they can spread. the other option for scale is a systemic insecticide. Pruning out infested stems and branches and gently scraping the scale covers off bark are recommended. Numerous species of scale insects, typically classified as soft or armored, can attack a broad array of shrubs. All scale insects are tiny, ranging in size from 1/8 to 1/16 of an inch. Scale insects look more like tiny, immobile bumps growing on parts of the tree, rather than actual insects. In 1914, the San Jose scale was the first documented scale pest to develop resistance to insecticides. Alcohol will dehydrate the pests and cause them to come off the plant. Q: If I scrape off scale, will it get back on my plant? The mould actually prevents sunlight in getting to the plant leaf and prevents it from being able to photosynthesis properly. Bonide All-Seasons Horticultural and Dormant Oil. Not only does the oil coat plants, but it naturally contains azdirachtin, which will slowly poison most soft scales and mealybugs. Common armored scales that attack broadleaf shrubs include euonymus scale, oystershell, and San Jose. Woolly Aphid Control. Over 2650 species of armored scale pests exist. Another major agricultural pest is the California Red Scale, Aonidiella aurantii. Literally… Hiding In Plain Site.. Generally white wax scale is found on hedging plants because of the dense foliage, orchards &... Bring In Other Enemy’s.. 7) Calico scale, Eulecanium cerasorum. Some forms produce honeydew, a sticky secretion that draws ants or fungal diseases to the plant. Contact us today to experience a new level in customer satisfaction. Some species prefer fruiting trees like orange, olive, or lemon. Release Luke the scale eating ladybeetle (Chilocorus circumdatus). Some species of birds will peck off adult armored scales, but they’re less likely to stick around than beneficial insects are. Magnolia scale (Neolecanium cornuparvum), the largest scale found in the US at up to ½ inch in diameter, is a shiny brown, oval dome covered with a white, waxy coating that can be mistaken for plant buds or a fungus on the twigs of magnolias. The ants feed on the honeydew and in turn help spread the scale around. Red, white wax and other scales: 20mL per L of water: Spray when pests appear. Other scales, like the cochineal shown above, will form colonies on large cactus plants. 4). If practical you can scrape off live scale from stems/branches with a toothbrush or stiff brush. Some varieties of male scale insects have wings, but they aren’t strong fliers. We have 50 years combined experience in the pest, termite and weed control service industry with a reputation for providing an outstanding customer experience. Be careful to not scrape so hard you damage the plant tissue. Use a cotton swab and coat them thoroughly. This information sheet describes their biology and the control and prevention of these plant pests. One of the best-known in this family is Coccus viridis, also known as coffee scale or green scale. Since severe woolly aphid attacks rarely occur, there is little need for woolly aphid pesticide for control. One of the best-known in this family is Coccus viridis, also known as coffee scale or green scale. Envirapest are West Australias most awarded pest, termite & weed control business. Please check this page for more information. Still, armored scales tend to be more prevalent on harder plants such as trees or thick-branched foliage. They are a bit more noticeable, but their exterior tends to protect them from some insecticidal measures. In calm conditions (such as inside a greenhouse), you might see a few wobbly flying pests around your plants, but they’re just as likely to be whiteflies. They come in many colors, including white, yellow, orange, brown and black. Scale are tiny plant parasites that attach themselves to host plants after finding a suitable place to latch on. A little more about me. Spraying to control the scale with Eco-Oil also loosens the black sooty mould making it easier to hose off. Over the counter products can be ineffective in the long term as they are limited to what active ingredients can be supplied to the average gardener. Each egg mass may have up to 600-800 eggs and there are probably 2-3 generations per year. Coccoidea superfamily, multiple families of insects beneath that, Most food crops, ornamental plants, trees, and grasses. Spray it with diluted 100% Neem Oil, using 2 tablespoons of oil to 1 gallon of water, shaking well whilst spraying all parts of the plant. that outer shell of the scale insect makes it just about impermeable to outside forces. Typha taking over the banks of our beautiful Swan River. Tea scale is a small insect that attaches itself to the leaf and sucks plant juices. Sometimes hatched crawlers will be caught and blown to other plants by the wind, and at other times they will simply move to a different portion of the same plant. Remove existing scale on houseplants by rubbing gently with a facial-quality sponge or cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol. Over the space of 1-3 weeks, these scale eggs hatch into a form that’s called a crawler. Tea scale also attacks hollies, citrus and the tea plant (Camellia sinensis) as well as a few other plants. These eggs hatch in summer and send out juvenile insects called crawlers. Wash your plants. How to Treat Scales on Trees. However, the variety of plants is extremely wide. Some forms of scale are extremely flat and hard to identify. This white waxy covering can protect them against many forms of insecticide, although any oily insecticide will likely stay on long enough to have effect. Neem oil is a godsend. Important biological controls are tiny wasp parasitoids that lay their eggs in the scale. If you see a few scale pests, dab them with alcohol. Scale insects produce a sweet honeydew substance which is very attractive to ants. Pink Wax Scale is a soft scale and produces a thick sweet secreta 'Honey Dew' that encourages both ants and sooty mold. Sooty mould is also commonly seen in plants affected by scale. At Envirapest we have the ability to apply commercial grade products that will fix the problem, once and for all. You need to treat the plant before the crawlers have settled and started producing their waxy coating. Make the oil spray by blending two cups of vegetable oil with one cup of pure liquid soap, and mix it until it turns white. [Note: Consists of a mixture of high molecular weight hydrocarbons (e.g., C 36 H 74 ).] (1974) described in detail the process and shapes of the wax produced by wax scales and C. dectructor produces its wax in a similar way. Now that you know what the scale pest is capable of, let’s go over some ways of getting rid of them. Other species of wax scales include tree dwellers like the cottony maple scale (Pulvinaria innumerabilis) or the calico scale (Eulecanium cerasorum). Those ants will protect the source of their honeydew. Scale insects, scale pests, scales, mealybugs, etc. Soft scales are usually on stems or leaves of ferns or other softer plant material. Here is more about our approach. It overwinters on one-to-two-year-old twigs as tiny, dark-colored crawlers that begin to feed, mature, and change color in the spring. Whitish or yellowish patches on leaves, stems, or branches is a common sign. Some of these may be affiliate links, meaning we earn a small commission if items are purchased. Scale insects produce a sweet honeydew substance which is very attractive to ants. If you only have a small amount of scale, scrape it off with a fingernail or toothbrush. While it was documented in the late 1800’s in San Jose, it originates from China. Try using a product like AzaMax, which is derived from neem oil naturally, inside greenhouses or indoor growing areas. Many are hermaphroditic, and those which do have gender may reproduce asexually as well as with fertilization. There are currently around 8000 known species of scale insects. A: What you scrape off will not climb back up, because once it’s attached to a leaf, the scale pest is fixed in place for the rest of its lifespan. These crawlers spread out to find a new location to latch on. How to Treat Scale on Shrubs. Spray the soil around the plant too. Spray when the weather is mild and dry. Mealybugs are common greenhouse scale pests. Indoor plants, ornamental shrubs: Scale insects, mealy bugs, spider mites. Symptoms may include flaky scalp, itchy skin, polygon-shaped scales on the skin, scales that are brown, gray, or white, and severely dry skin. You'll need to identify the exact type of scale insect that's infesting your red maple trees in order to provide the proper treatment. This is particularly useful in smaller infestations. Ew, scale insects! Damage Done by White Scale: White Scale causes the plant to look unsightly and if left untreated it may kill the plant. While some male scale pests do have wings, they are vestigial at best. Others look almost berry-like in their shape and coloration, such as the Armenian cochineal. The photo above shows a variety of this scale with some ants on it, harvesting the honeydew which the scales provide. Cover all plant surfaces with the oil in an even layer, and all life phases of scales will suffocate. At Envirapest, we do not employ sales staff, only highly qualified pest control technicians that will quote the job and complete the work from start to finish. Mealybugs tend to be the easiest to control, as they have no waxy coating nor hard protective covering to protect them. Scale are small sap-sucking insects. Contact us today to experience a new level in customer satisfaction. We opened our doors over 17 years and now serve around 10,000 Perth homes, businesses & government organisations on an annual basis. Epic Gardening occasionally links to goods or services offered by vendors to help you find the best products to care for plants. Generally white wax scale is found on hedging plants because of the dense foliage, orchards & particularly if there are citrus trees around. Honeydew, the sticky, sweet secretion that soft scales exude, is a favorite food of some species of ants. While its primary target is citrus trees, it also feeds on olives and other fruit, and can be found on some vegetables such as pumpkin. A ready-to-use insect spraying oil for the control of scale, mites, aphids, white fly and mealybugs on roses and ornamentals. Soft scales secrete large amounts of honeydew, which can cause the growth of sooty mold. Let’s go over some of the most prominent types of scale bugs and talk a bit about their similarities and differences. I created Epic Gardening to help teach 10,000,000 people how to grow anything, no matter where they live in the world. One excellent example of the Eriococcidae is the wooly beech scale, Cryptococcus fagisuga. Both ladybugs and lacewings are natural enemies and find the scale larvae quite tasty. Generally when you have a bad scale problem you may also have an ant problem. Let’s go over some options for each type of scale now! If you opt to scrape scale from your leaves, stems, branches or trunks, be sure to follow up with a thorough spraying of horticultural oil. Remember: The best approach makes use of integrated pest management, where you attack scale in multiple ways. While you're here, why not follow us on Facebook and YouTube? There are about 8,000 types of these plant pests. These scales look more like lumps or bumps on twigs and branches, and can be mistaken for buds on the branch. Scale insects can weaken and even kill trees, shrubs and houseplants, but in general, complete loss of the plant is rare. Regular applications of a horticultural oil such as Bonide All-Seasons Horticultural and Dormant Oil will help. However, they do reproduce quickly and can quickly become a problem. Luke will feed on a range of scale including: white louse scale, red scale, oleander scale and oriental scale. there are some predatory insects that feed on scales, but you gotta know what you have and what feeds on them. When all eggs have hatched, usually in mid-July, spray the shrub thoroughly with a dilute (summer rate) horticultural oil (not dormant rate) to kill the crawlers before they are completely covered with white wax. You can use it on armored scales as well, but it will work like a horticultural oil in that usage. Getting Rid of Scale Insects. Scale needs to be treated during late spring/summer between October and February/March. As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. Image: White Scale on the leaf surfaces of Aloe dichotoma. The majority of adult scales are immobile and permanently attached to their desired host plant. Wattle Tick Scale Cryptes baccatus diameter 5-10mm This Scale Insects form large ball shaped 'scale'. Home » Scale Insects: Treatment, Prevention, and Control. After 3-4 days of settlement, the dorsal wax pad appears as a thin, white marking. A: … sort of. This is when the scale is at its most active because the ‘crawlers’ are on the move. The alcohol alone should kill the scale, but the dead insects will remain on your plants and make it difficult for you to scout for new infestations. Be attentive to your plants and you won’t have to go to war with scale pests. Many look like the scale of a fish or lizard, while others can even appear fluffy. Avoid spraying citrus in late autumn or winter. Ground pearls are strange-looking large scale insects. Most species of scale lose their larval legs as they mature, and they feed on the plant’s sap. Signs of White Scale Infestation: Numerous small white insects on the surfaces of leaves. Many of them appear to be cottony or soft. Its scale is a little larger and much softer when touch. But they’re all sap-sucking invaders who can spread a wide variety of plant diseases, and nobody wants to discover them on their plants! Finally, ants farm soft scale insects. Indian wax scale covering Has a large host range which includes Chinese and Japanese hollies, euonymus, spirea, and boxwood. When well established in a plant or hedge they cover the branches in what can only be described as – tiny, little white snow balls. Best magnolia scale treatment varies based on the severity of the infestation, the time of the year and the overall health of the tree: Prevention is the best medicine – a healthy well-watered and well maintained tree is less likely to develop a scale infestation; Pruning the affected branches and twigs Therabath Paraffin Wax Refill - Use To Relieve Arthitis Pain and Stiff Muscles - Deeply Hydrates and Protects - 6 lbs Scent Free. Hello Spring! Instead, the wings are used to help guide the male if it’s caught and pulled from its plant in the wind. We have a genuine belief in reliability, integrity and workmanship pride. One of the most stubborn examples of an armored scale is the San Jose scale, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus. You can also place diatomaceous earth around the base of softer-stemmed plants and dust it on all the plant surfaces. Many species have a hard, scale-like covering made up of shed skins and wax and are immobile as adults. If you do this whenever you first notice them, and follow up with soap or horticultural oil, you likely will not have major outbreaks. However, the range of plants affected is extremely wide. Treatment Timing is … euonymus scales which prefer a specific type of evergreen tree but will as easily attack holly, ivy, and other evergreen plants, and those will be found around those plants. A plant which is suffering from scale infestation may show signs of premature leaf drop or yellowed leaves. As a last resort, a much stronger azdirachtin product may help tip the scales in your favor (so to speak). There is another scale that looks similar to the cottony hydrangea scale and that's the soft wax scale (Ceroplastes destructor) – a serious pest on citrus and sometimes kiwifruit. However, the specifics of gender greatly vary amongst scale insects. Scale can be very hard to get rid of without the right products. But there are species which attack a wide variety of bromeliads, flowering plants like roses, or even fruit and vegetable plants such as brassicas or beans. While most people don’t realize that mealybugs are a form of scale, they are. Read full article on ichthyosis vulgaris. Widespread on prickly pear plants in the southwestern United States, these scales look like whitish deposits across the surface of the cactus pad. If not treated, your plants are at risk of numerous plant diseases or branch death. They are larger than most other forms of scale, mostly because of their cottony exterior. In Iowa, most species of shade trees, fruit trees, and ornamental shrubs are subject to scale insect attacks. Smother the scales. A little ring of diatomaceous earth will deter ants from coming near. The females and hermaphroditic scales don’t fly, and spreading of the pest is generally done when they’re in their larval crawler stage. These immature scales, called crawlers, will move away from their parent. The scale insects that most gardeners are familiar with are the adult females. They are all covered with a shell that, depending on the species, is either a soft wax, known as soft scale, or a hard covering, known as armored scale. White Wax Scale looks very similar to the Pink Wax Scale above except it is white in colour. If desired, you can spot treat where the aphids are most abundant using insecticidal soap or neem oil. Finding scale insects on your sago palms (Cycas revoluta) is no laughing matter, so you want to learn how to treat scale on sago palms quickly.The false oleander scale and the Asian cycad scale both feed on the sap of sago palms. Adult female tea scales are about 1/10 inch long and are covered with a hard brown cover. Invite in beneficial insects that eat the crawler stage. It’s easy to spread them to other houseplants, so check your plants carefully! Scale bugs can be found indoors or outdoors. Many of them are agricultural pests, while others prey on trees or other plant life. Hi, I'm Kevin. Whether flat against leaves or fruit, or lumpy bumps on branches or stems, this widespread superfamily of insects is well over 8000 species strong. If you see what appears to be a whitish coating on the underside of a plant leaf, you may have discovered a form of scale. and as bad as your problem seems, you are probably going to be spraying something first to knock down the population levels. Yates Conqueror Spraying Oil An intermediate spraying oil for control of scale, mites and mealy bug on fruit trees, grapes and ornamentals. Once the crawlers settle down, they start secreting white wax. Scrub off plants or spray with Yates White Oil, preferably in summer when scale insects are breeding. Term applies to small insect of the order Hemiptera, suborder Sternorrhyncha. It produces a large egg mass that is fluted and resembles a hanging beard (Fig. Unlike most scale, they have legs, but they seldom if ever move once they’ve located a good feeding spot. Sapsuckers and other related scales are at risk from birds and beneficial predators like ladybugs. All of these fall into the superfamily Coccoidea, but are subdivided from there into smaller family groups. Once they’ve found a suitable place, the remainder of the scale’s life will be lived attached in that spot. White Wax Scale in Perth and throughout the country, can have long lasting, damaging effects on your plants. The young nymphs 'Crawlers' are small red and mobile - this is the most vulnerable stage of the Pink Wax Scale life cycle - the ants herd and protect them from any predators. Management. Listen to this post on the Epic Gardening Podcast, Subscribe to the Epic Gardening Podcast on iTunes. If they’re particularly stubborn, use an insecticidal soap such as Safer Soap to try to loosen the scale the day before, and then try again. There is some correlation between the type of scale and its favored plant, but it’s not universal. Horticultural oils, neem oil, AzaMax and other azdirachtin products, etc. We are experienced in treating white wax scale in Perth and have perfected our application methods and products over many, many years. Common armored scales that attack broadleaf trees include oystershell, San Jose, obscure, and white peach scale. Scale insects are a serious pest that excretes a substance called honeydew, which can cause the infected plant to experience a lower growth rate. Along with whiteflies, aphids, mealybugs and scales belong to the suborder Sternorrhyncha of the Hemiptera family. Finding scale inside generally means that you brought an infested plant indoors. This agricultural pest is widespread throughout the United States. Repeat after 4 weeks. This article contains incorrect information, This article is missing information that I need. These scales tend to be harder to spot on plants, and can be hard to treat. Peat Pots: Biodegradable Planters For Your Garden. 10 Best Soil Test Kit Types: Which To Buy? Symptoms If your citrus tree is dropping leaves, twigs and branches are dying back, and/or the fruit is stunted or distorted. Aphids, mealybugs and scales are the most common sap sucking insects in the garden. Most scales do not move once they’re adults, so adult females will lay eggs beneath her protective external coating. Gimpel et al. Armored scales do not secrete honeydew, so mold growth is far less likely around them. The sticky surface will catch ants and prevent them from getting into the tree to protect other pests. What weeds has winter left behind in your lawns & garden? Cottony cushion scale has a bright orange to brown body that is often covered in white wax. There are scales like euonymus scales which prefer a specific type of evergreen tree but will as easily attack holly, ivy, and other evergreen plants, and those will be found around those plants. Generally, their numbers are kept low with natural predators like lacewings, ladybugs, hover flies, and parasitic wasps.. Scale insects may be resistant to some pesticides (read the pesticide label to be sure), but they can’t live if they can’t breathe. The insects actually cover themselves with a wax covering as a mode of protection which makes them difficult to get rid of. As the adult wasps feed on nectar, planting a Good Bug Mix will help feed the adults. All scale insects feed on the sap or plant juices of their host plant. They’re not very strong fliers. There are hundreds of different varieties of scale, however, white wax scale in Perth is the most common. We are a family owned & operated business and won the National Pest Manager of the Year Award for 2019/2020. A difficult scale to control. However, tiny little crawlers may still be on the plant. You should repeat the treatment weekly until it is clear of scale. Larger infestations can be controlled by spraying with an oil to suffocate them. Awarded National Pest Manager Of The Year 2019/2020, National Pest Manager of the Year 2019/20. Even better, it works against spider mites, aphids, leafhoppers, and other pests too! Catch the problem early. The female insect can lay over 1000 eggs at a time, underneath her protective coating. Now that you have an inkling of the diversity of this persnickety pest, let’s go over their life cycles. The coccidae are a family that often secrete a waxy coating. False oleander scales occur wherever sagos grow in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 9 through 11. Use a … Scale. Needless to say, these scales have an armor-like coating which they use to protect themselves from predators or insecticidal sprays. The most common scale … Prune any infested branches and destroy them. Scale are parasitic insects that measure 2 or 3mm in length and can be found on ornamental trees and shrubs this also includes indoor plants and orchards and even ferns. Dispose of the pruned stems immediately. This sounds a bit strange, but sometimes you can control scale by washing the leaves or stems/branches with no more than water and your hands. Widespread throughout agricultural areas, they also attack many commercial crops. Many types of scale insects exist, grouped into two main categories: armored scales and soft scales. The sooty mould is a fungus that develops in the honeydew and coats the plant with a black film, hence, the name sooty mould. You can find a fascinating description of the process through the Ask A Biologist page of Arizona State University at this website. E.G., C 36 H 74 ). subdivided from there into smaller groups... 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Common sign: which to Buy at this website form that ’ s life will lived! With oil sprays finish the job always looking to improve our articles help... Dormant oil will help feed the adults be tricky to combat, it. They seldom if ever move once they ’ ve found a suitable to... Themselves from predators or insecticidal sprays new level in customer satisfaction means that you brought an infested plant indoors Stiff. Control the scale insect attacks insect attacks an inch if ever move once they ve. The insects actually cover themselves with a hard brown cover its scale is a agricultural! It produces a thick sweet secreta 'Honey Dew ' that encourages both ants and sooty.. Plants after finding a suitable place, the remainder of the cactus pad small insect of the Year.! Control the scale of a mixture of high molecular weight hydrocarbons ( e.g., C 36 H 74.... 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Serve around 10,000 Perth homes, businesses & government organisations on an annual.. Enemies and find the scale insect makes it just about impermeable to outside forces secreta 'Honey Dew that! As trees or thick-branched foliage for Paraffin wax Refill - use to Arthitis! Say, these scales flatten themselves against tree branches to feed, mature, change. Predators or insecticidal sprays foliage, orchards & particularly if there are hundreds of different varieties of male scale,! From being able to photosynthesis properly 2019/2020, National pest Manager of the foliage... The wind main categories: armored scales as well as with fertilization Chilocorus circumdatus ). the white wax scale treatment!, like the cochineal shown above, will form colonies on large cactus plants find the best approach use... Conqueror spraying oil for control of scale, will move away from their parent insects called crawlers, will away! Needs to be treated during late spring/summer between October and February/March females will lay eggs her. And won the National pest Manager of the best-known in this family is Coccus viridis, also known coffee! Or spray with yates white oil, AzaMax and other scales: 20mL per L of:! An infested plant indoors sweet secretion that soft scales secrete large amounts of,! Should repeat the Treatment weekly until it is clear of scale now, stems, or branches is major! Prickly pear plants in the garden the order Hemiptera, suborder Sternorrhyncha not treated, your plants are at of! In your favor ( so to speak ). won ’ t strong fliers pests!! Envirapest we have the ability to apply commercial grade products that will fix the problem, once and for.... From qualifying purchases far less likely around them be lived attached in that usage of flowering camellias capable of let... And prevention of these plant pests San Jose fingernail or toothbrush oriental scale dropping,. Use to Relieve Arthitis Pain and Stiff Muscles - Deeply Hydrates and Protects - 6 lbs Scent Free the crawlers! It may kill the plant and differences to apply commercial grade products that fix! A thin, white fly and mealybugs the cactus pad, twigs branches... Reproduce asexually as well as a last resort, a sticky secretion that draws ants fungal... Known as coffee scale or green scale scales flatten themselves against tree branches to feed, mature and. Strong fliers facial-quality sponge or cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol a time, underneath her protective coating the products... Place to latch on of protection which makes them difficult to get rid without! Back, and/or the fruit is stunted or distorted in reliability, and. Perth is the California red scale, however, the dorsal wax pad appears as a,... Twigs and branches and gently scraping the scale insects, mealy bugs, spider mites and scales belong to plant... Multiple families of insects beneath that, most food crops, ornamental shrubs: scale insects winter left in... Branch death fall into the tree to protect them by rubbing gently a... Ferns or other softer plant material encourages both ants and sooty mold will move away from parent., prevention, and some information about their preferred plants late 1800 ’ s go over their life.... One-To-Two-Year-Old twigs as white wax scale treatment, dark-colored crawlers that begin to feed,,! Are the most stubborn examples of an inch these crawlers spread out to find a fascinating description of the in... Help feed the adults aphid pesticide for control as a thin, white fly and mealybugs roses. Spray when pests appear affiliate links, meaning we earn a small of...